Time Series Epidemiology
• Addresses effects in narrow time window
• Involves multiple regression analysis of long series
of daily observations
• Large number of studies have reported significant
associations between daily deaths and/or hospital
visit counts and daily average air pollution.
• Time series design avoids spatial confounding;
however, temporal confounding due to seasons and
weather must be addressed.
• Particles often appear most important, but CO,
SO2, NO2, and/or ozone may also play roles.
• For example, NMMAPS Study