Dopamine Function is Deficient in Major
Depression
• Parkinson’s Disease associated with depression.
• CSF shows low homovanillic acid (HVA).
• Neuroendocrine challenges: blunted responses to dopamine
agonists
• Depletion of dopamine with AMPT causes depression in
recovered patients but not normals.
• Imaging: nothing found yet.
• Postmortem brain: no data
• Genes: TH, COMT & MAO