Norepinephrine Relates to Hopelessness
	• Hopelessness predicts future suicide. • Suicide attempters feel more hopeless and perceive fewer reasons for living than other patients in the face of equivalent psychiatric illness or adverse life events. • Inescapable restraint in rats depletes norepinephrine and can generate despair and giving up. • Suicide victims have evidence of marked stress responses in the brain norepinephrine system. • Perhaps hopelessness results from NE depletion?