• Self-motion.
• Vertical orientation.
• The vestibular nuclei project to the ventral thalamus
(VP/VL) and thence to area 2v. A number of cortical
areas have vestibular responses, but cortical
vestibular processing is poorly understood.
• Patients with lesions of parietoinsular cortex have
difficulty perceiving the vertical: they think vertical
lines tilt away from the side of the lesion.