Limitations of using visual-tactile exams
(cont.)
Difficult to secure participants in oral health surveys
n Risk of response bias
– If responders differ from nonresponders, risk of response
bias
n Nonresponse rates high, especially among older children and
adolescents
n Various approaches used to reduce this problem
• Negative consent – if parent does not return signed
consent form, implies implicit consent for child to be
examined
• Monetary incentives
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